10 слов для SAT: empirical, facile, scrutinized by, defunct, arcane, ubiquitous, extraneous, protracted, superseded, curtailed. Для каждого слова даны транскрипция, определение, перевод и три примера, а в конце урока вас ждут короткая история со всеми словами и 21 вопрос для проверки.
Слова в наборе
Dr. Lee’s research began with an empirical question: why do some small companies survive? His first answer was facile, and he knew it, so every figure was later scrutinized by his colleagues. He studied a defunct firm whose rules were arcane and whose paperwork was ubiquitous, found in every drawer.
The work was slow. He removed extraneous data and survived a protracted dispute with the university. Old methods were superseded by new software, and his travel was curtailed by a small budget. Still, the final paper was clear, and it changed how people thought about the question.
adjective
based on what is experienced or observed rather than on theory
эмпирический, основанный на опыте и наблюдении
Наречие: empirically. Часто: empirical evidence, data, research.
“There is no empirical evidence to support the claim.”
“The study is based on empirical data collected over ten years.”
“He prefers empirical methods to abstract theory.”
adjective
too simple, and not showing enough thought or understanding
поверхностный, упрощённый, легковесный
Ложный друг: не «лёгкий» в хорошем смысле. Обычно с оттенком осуждения: a facile answer.
“It is facile to blame one person for the whole crisis.”
“She gave a facile answer to a complex question.”
“The film offers a facile solution to a serious problem.”
verb phrase
examined very carefully by someone
тщательно изучен, проверен (кем-то)
Инфинитив: scrutinize, существительное: scrutiny. В британском также scrutinised.
“Every claim was closely scrutinized by the committee.”
“The report will be scrutinized by independent experts.”
“His decisions were scrutinized by the press.”
adjective
no longer existing, working, or being used
прекративший существование, недействующий
Часто о компаниях, организациях, законах и технологиях: a defunct company.
“The defunct factory stood empty for years.”
“He worked for a now defunct newspaper.”
“The old law has long been defunct.”
adjective
known or understood by very few people; mysterious
тайный, малопонятный, доступный лишь немногим
Часто: arcane rules, language, knowledge, ritual.
“The contract was full of arcane legal terms.”
“He studied the arcane rules of the ancient game.”
“Few people understand this arcane branch of mathematics.”
adjective
seen or found everywhere
вездесущий, повсеместный
Существительное: ubiquity. Часто: ubiquitous technology, smartphones.
“Smartphones are now ubiquitous.”
“The ubiquitous coffee shop is found on every corner.”
“Advertising has become ubiquitous in modern life.”
adjective
not directly related to the subject; not needed
посторонний, не относящийся к делу, лишний
Часто: extraneous details, information, noise.
“Remove all extraneous details from your essay.”
“The report contains a lot of extraneous information.”
“She tried to ignore the extraneous noise.”
adjective
lasting longer than expected or necessary
затяжной, продолжительный
Инфинитив: protract. Часто: protracted war, negotiations, dispute, illness.
“The two sides entered protracted negotiations.”
“A protracted dispute damaged the company.”
“After a protracted illness, he recovered.”
verb (past)
replaced by something newer or more suitable
заменён, вытеснен, пришёл на смену
Инфинитив: supersede (только так, через -sede). Часто: be superseded by.
“The old model was superseded by a faster one.”
“Paper maps have been superseded by digital navigation.”
“This rule was superseded by a new regulation.”
verb (past)
reduced or limited, especially something that was supposed to be longer or bigger
сокращён, урезан, ограничен
Инфинитив: curtail. Часто: curtailed a visit, freedom, spending.
“The president curtailed his visit because of the storm.”
“Freedom of speech was severely curtailed.”
“Spending was curtailed to save money.”
Выберите ответ: проверка сразу, а правильный вариант подсвечивается. Три задания: вставить слово, найти слово по словосочетаниям и подобрать синоним.
Выберите слово, которое подходит по смыслу.
Выберите слово, которое подходит во все три словосочетания.
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