Multiple choice · Test 5

In praise of failure

Science is often presented as a steady 0march of triumphs. In reality, most experiments fail, and researchers can spend years 1 up blind alleys. Failure, however, is rarely given its 2.

Journals are reluctant to publish negative results, so studies that 3 to confirm a hypothesis often vanish without trace. This creates a distorted picture in which successes are 4 out of all proportion, and it means that other scientists may waste time reinventing the 5.

Some researchers are now calling for a sea 6 in attitudes, and a few journals have been set up specifically to publish failed experiments, 7 as these contain useful information. After all, knowing what does not work is, in its own 8, a kind of discovery.

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